Unmanned aerial vehicle

網址:http://www.theuav.com/

The UAV

The UAV is an acronym for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, which is an aircraft with no pilot on board. UAVs can be remote controlled aircraft (e.g. flown by a pilot at a ground control station) or can fly autonomously based on per-programmed flight plans or more complex dynamic automation systems. UAVs are currently used for a number of missions, including reconnaissance and attack roles. For the purposes of this article, and to distinguish UAVs from missiles, a UAV is defined as being capable of controlled, sustained level flight and powered by a jet or reciprocating engine. In addition, a cruise missile can be considered to be a UAV, but is treated separately on the basis that the vehicle is the weapon. The acronym UAV has been expanded in some cases to UAVS (Unmanned Aircraft Vehicle System). The FAA has adopted the acronym UAS(Unmanned Aircraft System) to reflect the fact that these complex systems include ground stations and other elements besides the actual air vehicles.

Officially, the term 'Unmanned Aerial Vehicle' was changed to 'Unmanned Aircraft System' to reflect the fact that these complex systems include ground stations and other elements besides the actual air vehicles. The term UAS, however, is not widely used as the term UAV has become part of the modern lexicon.

The military role of UAV is growing at unprecedented rates. In 2005, tactical and theater level unmanned aircraft (UA) alone, had flown over 100,000 flight hours in support of Operation ENDURING FREEDOM (OEF) and Operation IRAQI FREEDOM (OIF). Rapid advances in technology are enabling more and more capability to be placed on smaller airframes which is spurring a large increase in the number of SUAS being deployed on the battlefield. The use of SUAS in combat is so new that no formal DoD wide reporting procedures have been established to track SUAS flight hours. As the capabilities grow for all types of UAV, nations continue to subsidize their research and development leading to further advances enabling them to perform a multitude of missions. UAV no longer only perform intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) missions, although this still remains their predominant type. Their roles have expanded to areas including electronic attack (EA), strike missions, suppression and/or destruction of enemy air defense (SEAD/DEAD), network node or communications relay, combat search and rescue (CSAR), and derivations of these themes. These UAV range in cost from a few thousand dollars to tens of millions of dollars, and the aircraft used in these systems range in size from a Micro Air Vehicle (MAV) weighing less than one pound to large aircraft weighing over 40,000 pounds.

Structure of the lead:

WHO: not given

WHAT: is an aircraft with no pilot on board

WHEN: in 2005

WHERE:not given

WHY: not given

HOW:develop leading to further advances enabling to perform a multitude of missions

Keywords:

acronym(v.)構成...

autonomously(adv.)自治的

dynamic(n.)動力

reconnaissance(n.)偵查

sustain(v.)支持

cruise (v.)漫遊

missile(v.)可發射的

lexicon(n.)詞彙

unprecedented(a,)無先例的

tactical(a.)戰術上的

subsidize(v.)補助

surveillance(n.)看守

derivation(n.)引出

Paris climate change conference

網址:http://time.com/4123568/paris-climate-conference-preview/

Over 40,000 people are meeting in Paris for a historic conference on climate change

   More than 100 heads of government and 40,000 other attendees are meeting on Nov. 30 for the launch of the two-week United Nations conference on climate change. Negotiators expect the gathering, formally known as the 21st Conference of Parties (COP 21) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), to yield the most significant international agreement yet to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions, and slow the effect of climate change. But the negotiations are likely to be contentious as developed nations wrestle with developing ones in the effort to divide the global bill over global warming.

  

   Leaders of past climate summits tried to build top-down climate agreements in which countries would agree to broad guidelines to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. Treaties borne out of that approach—like the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, which required developed countries to commit to binding greenhouse gas reduction targets—gave governments little flexibility in addressing climate change. Some countries, like the United States, opted not to participate in the agreement. Others, like Canada, ratified it, but ultimately ignored its provisions. Climate advocates set a 2009 conference in Denmark as an opportunity to achieve a comprehensive agreement that would actually lead to a reduction in emissions. But the conference was poorly organized and China and other countries refused to cooperate. In the end, the negotiations fell apart and the resulting Copenhagen Accord fell flat.

Structure of the lead:

WHO: heads of governments

WHAT:  climate change

WHEN: November.30.

WHERE: Paris

WHY:  global warming

HOW:tried to build top-down climate agreements 

Keywords:

launch(v.)開辦

yield(v.)同意

contentious(a,)愛爭論的

wrestle(v.)努力解決

summit(n.)高級會議

emission(n.)發出

flexibility(n.)靈活性的

opt(v.)選擇

ratify(v.)批准

ultimately(adv.)最後的

provision(n.)條款

Leonardo Dicaprio

網址:https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/feb/29/leonardo-dicaprio-wins-best-actor-oscar-for-the-revenant

Leonardo DiCaprio finally wins best actor Oscar for Iñárritu’s The Revenant

Leonardo DiCaprio’s portrayal of a betrayed 19th-century frontiersman seeking revenge in The Revenant has won him his first Academy Award, having missed out on four previous occasions.

Oscar winners 2016: the full list from Spotlight to Leonardo DiCaprio

Read more

The 41-year-old actor was the favourite to win after picking up both a Golden Globe and a Bafta for his performance. The film, which has won a number of awards at this year’s ceremony, tells the true story of Hugh Glass, who battled his way through the wilderness after being left for dead.

DiCaprio beat out competition from last year’s winner Eddie Redmayne and Michael Fassbender. He had previously been nominated for his work in What’s Eating Gilbert Grape?, The Aviator, Blood Diamond and The Wolf of Wall Street.

He used his speech to warn about the effects of global warming. “Climate change is real and it’s happening right now,” he said. “It’s the most urgent threat affecting our species.” He added: “Let us not take this planet for granted. I do not take this night for granted.”

The actor’s commitment to the role had received a lot of attention. DiCaprio was said to have eaten raw bison liver and slept in animal carcasses. The film also picked up Oscars for best cinematography and best director for Alejandro González Iñárritu.

He has a number of projects in the offing but is yet to confirm what next role will be. He is loosely attached to work again with Martin Scorsese on the true story of serial killer HH Holmes, and is also set to produce a film about the Volkswagen emissions scandal.

Structure of the lead:

WHO: Leonardo DiCaprio

WHAT: he won his first Academy Award

WHEN: not given

WHERE: not given

WHY: his new movie-The Revenant

HOW: not given

Keywords:

portrayal(v.) 飾演
frontiersman(n.) 邊遠地區人民
urgent(a.) 急迫的
species(n.) 人類
bison(n.) 野牛的
carcasses(n,)  屍體
cinematography(n.) 電影

Refugees

網址:http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3768922/People-dying-doing-Aylan-Kurdi-s-father-condemns-failure-stop-Syrian-bloodshed-year-harrowing-picture-son-laying-dead-beach-symbol-Europe-s-migrant-crisis.html

People are still dying and nobody is doing anything: 

Aylan Kurdi's father condemns failure to stop the Syrian bloodshed a year after harrowing picture of his son laying dead on a beach became a symbol of Europe's migrant crisis

The father of Aylan Kurdi, the three-year-old Syrian boy who died as his family tried to make it to Europe, has condemned world leaders' failure to end the bloodshed in his home country. 

The harrowing picture of Aylan's body washed ashore on a beach in Turkey shocked the world a year ago tomorrow.

The heartbreaking image of Aylan became a symbol of the migrant crisis, but his father, Abdullah Kurdi, has accused politicians of failing to act.

As well as Aylan, Mr Kurdi lost his elder son, Galip, five, and his wife, Rehab, 35, after their boat capsized.The politicians said after the deaths in my family: "Never again", Mr Kurdi, 41, told German newspaper Bild. 

Everyone claimed they wanted to do something because of the photo that touched them so much. But what is happening now? People are still dying and nobody is doing anything about it. Kurdi, who now lives in a guarded community in Erbil, Iraq, chain-smoked and broke down in tears as he said he saw no reason for living without his family.  

One year after the body of Alan Kurdi was washed up on a beach in Turkey, thousands of refugees continue to die in the Mediterranean and Aegean seas. 

Structure of the lead:

WHO: Aylan Kurdi.

WHAT: Image of Aylan became a symbol of the migrant crisis.

WHEN: not given.

WHERE: Beach in Turkey .

WHY: They tried to move to Europe .

HOW: He died when he wants to move to the Europe, and his body washed ashore on the beach.

Keywords:

condemned (v.)宣判
migrant (a,)移居的
claimed (v.)主張;請求
guarded (a.)謹慎的;小心的

Paris Attacks

網址:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks

November 2015 Paris attacks

The November 2015 Paris attacks were a series of coordinated terrorist attacks that occurred on Friday 13 November 2015 in Paris, France and the city's northern suburb, Saint-Denis.Beginning at 21:16 CET, three suicide bombers struck outside the Stade de France in Saint-Denis, during a football match. This was followed by several mass shootings, and a suicide bombing, at cafés and restaurants. Gunmen carried out another mass shooting and took hostages at an Eagles of Death Metal concert in the Bataclan theatre, leading to a stand-off with police. The attackers were shot or blew themselves up when police raided the theatre.

The attackers killed 130 people, including 89 at the Bataclan theatre. Another 368 people were injured,^[4] almost 100 seriously. Seven of the attackers also died, while the authorities continued to search for accomplices. The attacks were the deadliest on France since World War II,and the deadliest in the European Union since the Madrid train bombings in 2004. France had been on high alert since the January 2015 attacks on Charlie Hebdooffices and a Jewish supermarket in Paris that killed 17 people and wounded 22, including civilians and police officers.

The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) claimed responsibility for the attacks, saying that it was retaliation for the French airstrikes on ISIL targets in Syria and Iraq.^[17][18] The President of France, François Hollande, said the attacks were an act of war by ISIL. The attacks were planned in Syria and organised by a terrorist cell based in Belgium. Most of the Paris attackers had French or Belgian citizenship, two were Iraqis, and all had fought in Syria. Some of them had entered Europe among the flow of migrants and refugees.

In response to the attacks, a three-month state of emergency was declared across the country to help fight terrorism, which involved the banning of public demonstrations, and allowing the police to carry out searches without a warrant, put anyone under house arrest without trial and block websites that encouraged acts of terrorism. On 15 November, France launched the biggest airstrike of Opération Chammal, its contribution to the anti-ISIL bombing campaign, striking ISIL targets in Al-Raqqah. On 18 November, the suspected lead operative of the attacks, Abdelhamid Abaaoud, was killed in a police raid in Saint-Denis, along with two others.

Structure of the lead:

WHO: Attackers

WHAT: Terrorist attacks

WHEN: 13 November 2015

WHERE: cafés and restaurants, Saint-Denis and Bataclan theatre

WHY: retaliation for the French airstrikes on ISIL targets in Syria and Iraq

HOW: several mass shootings

Keywords:

coordinated: (a.)同等的

suburb: (n.)郊區

suicide: (a.)自殺性的

migrants: (n.)移民;移居者

demonstrations: (n.)證實;論證

campaign: (n.)活動;戰役

Malala Yousafzai

網址:https://www.malala.org/malalas-story

2012 Attacked for Going to School

On 9 October 2012, as Malala and her friends were travelling home from school, a masked gunman entered their school bus and asked for Malala by name. She was shot with a single bullet which went through her head, neck and shoulder. Two of her friends were also injured in the attack.

Malala survived the initial attack, but was in a critical condition. She was moved to Birmingham in the United Kingdom for treatment at a hospital that specialises in military injuries. She was not discharged until January, 2013 by which time she had been joined by her family in the UK.

The Taliban's attempt to kill Malala received worldwide condemnation and led to protests across Pakistan. In the weeks after the attack, over 2 million people signed a right to education petition, and the National Assembly swiftly ratified Pakistan's first Right To Free and Compulsory Education Bill.

Structure of the lead:

WHO: Malala Yousafzai.

WHAT: She was shot and injured.

WHEN: 9 October 2012.

WHERE: School bus.

WHY: not given.

HOW: She was shot by a masked gunman with a single bullet through her head.

Keywords:

initial (a.)最初的

discharged (a.)免除的

condemnation (n.)譴責的:定罪的

petition (n.)請求:申請

swiftly (a,)迅速的

ratified (v.)批准